UBUZIMA

Malaria ni indwara iterwa n’udukoko duto twitwa Plasmodium twanduza umuntu binyuze ku mwuka w’umubu witwa Anopheles. Ni imwe mu ndwara zica abantu benshi ku isi, cyane cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere.

Uburyo Malaria Yandura

Iyo umubu wanduye urumye umuntu, udukoko dutera malaria twinjira mu maraso maze tukagera mu mwijima aho twikuba. Nyuma y’igihe gito, dutangira kwinjira mu turemangingo tw’amaraso, ari na byo bitera ibimenyetso by’indwara.

Ibimenyetso bya Malaria

• Umuriro mwinshi

• Guhinda umushyitsi

• Kubira ibyuya

• Umutwe ukabije

• Kuribwa mu ngingo no mu musokoro

• Kugira isesemi no kuruka

• Kunanirwa cyane no kugira umunaniro udasanzwe

Ingaruka za Malaria

Malaria ishobora kuba mbi cyane igihe idavuwe vuba. Ishobora gutera:

• Guhagarara k’amaraso atembera neza mu bwonko (cerebral malaria)

• Kurwara umutima

• Kugira ikibazo cy’inkari zidatunganye (insuffisance rénale)

• Kugabanuka kw’uturemangingo tw’amaraso atukura bigatera kubura amaraso (anemia)

Uburyo bwo Kwirinda Malaria

Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kwirinda malaria, burimo:

1. Kurara mu musego urimo umuti wica imibu

2. Gusiga cyangwa gutera umuti wica imibu mu nzu

3. Kwambara imyenda ireshya nijoro kugira ngo imibu itarumwa

4. Gukoresha imiti irinda malaria ku bantu bajya ahari ubwandu bwinshi

5. Gusenya ibidendezi by’amazi ahaguma, kuko ari ho imibu yororokera

Uburyo Malaria Ivurwa

Malaria ivurwa n’imiti yemewe nk’ikoreshwa rya Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs). Ni ingenzi ko umuntu ugize ibimenyetso bya malaria agana kwa muganga vuba kugira ngo avurwe hakiri kare.

Malaria mu Rwanda

Mu Rwanda, leta n’abafatanyabikorwa bashyizeho ingamba nyinshi zo kurwanya malaria, zirimo gutanga inzitiramibu ku miryango, gutanga inkingo za malaria mu bice bifite ubwandu bwinshi, no gushishikariza abaturage kwivuza hakiri kare.

Umwanzuro Malaria ni indwara ishobora kwirindwa kandi ivurwa neza igihe umuntu amenye ibimenyetso byayo kare. Gukomeza ubukangurambaga no gukoresha ingamba zo kuyirinda ni ingenzi kugira ngo hagabanuke umubare w’abayandura n’abapfa buri mwaka.

1. SIDA ni iki?

SIDA (Sindrome d'Immunodéficience Acquise) ni indwara iterwa na virus yitwa VIH (Virus d'Immunodéficience Humaine). Iyi virus yangiza abasirikare b’umubiri, bigatuma utabasha kwirwanaho ku ndwara zinyuranye. Iyo VIH itavuwe, igenda itera ingaruka zikomeye, bikarangira igize SIDA, aho umubiri uba utagishoboye kurwana n’indwara.

2. Uko VIH yandura

VIH yandurira mu buryo butandukanye, burimo:

• Imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye (idakoreshwamo agakingirizo).

• Gusangira ibikoresho byanduye (nko guterwa inshinge cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho byo kwibaga bidakarabye neza).

• Guhura n’amaraso yanduye (nko gutanga cyangwa kwakira amaraso atapimwe).

• Umubyeyi wanduye ashobora kwanduza umwana igihe amutwise, amubyara cyangwa amwons

3. Ibimenyetso bya VIH/SIDA

VIH ntigaragaza ibimenyetso ako kanya. Hari ibyiciro bibiri by'ibimenyetso:

• Ibimenyetso bya mbere: Bishobora kuba nk’iby’ibicurane (umuriro, kubabara umutwe, kuribwa mu muhogo, n’icyo bita ‘grippe’).

• Ibimenyetso by’igihe kirekire: Umubiri ugenda utakaza ubushobozi bwo kwirinda, umuntu agatangira kurwara indwara nyinshi nka pneumonia, igituntu (TB), n’izindi.

4. Uburyo bwo Kwirinda VIH/SIDA

Kubera ko VIH/SIDA ari indwara idakira, ni ingenzi cyane kuyirinda. Dore uburyo wakwirinda:

• Gukoresha agakingirizo: Ni bumwe mu buryo bukomeye bwo kwirinda kwandura mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina.

• Kwirinda gusangira ibikoresho byanduye: Inshinge, imisumari, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bikomeretsa ntibigomba gusangirwa.

• Gupimisha amaraso mbere yo kuyahabwa: Ni ngombwa ko amaraso atanzwe apimwa neza mbere yo kuyahabwa.

• Gusaba ubuvuzi karemano (PEP & PrEP): Abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura VIH bashobora gukoresha imiti ibafasha kwirinda (PrEP), naho uwahuye n’icyago agahabwa PEP kugira ngo arinde virusi gukwira mu mubiri.

• Kwipimisha VIH kenshi: Kwipimisha kenshi bituma umuntu amenya uko ahagaze, bityo akaba yafata ingamba zo kwirinda no kwirinda abandi.

5. Kuki Kurwanya SIDA ari Ingenzi?

Kurwanya SIDA ni ingenzi kuko bidufasha:

• Kurinda abantu benshi kwandura.

• Kugabanya imfu zituruka kuri iyi ndwara.

• Gukomeza kubaho ubuzima bwiza ku bayirwaye kuko hari imiti ifasha abafite VIH kubaho igihe kirekire kandi bafite ubuzima bwiza.

• Kubaka umuryango uzira ubwandu.

6. Ikiraro cy’Ubuzima: Kubana n’Ubwandu bwa VIH

Niba wanduye VIH, ntugomba kwiheba! Ubu hari imiti izwi nka ARVs (Antiretroviral Therapy) igufasha kubaho igihe kirekire kandi ufite ubuzima bwiza. Kugira imirire myiza, gukora imyitozo, kwirinda stress, no gukomeza ubuvuzi bwa muganga bituma ugumana ubuzima bwiza.

7. Umwanzuro

SIDA ni indwara ikomeye, ariko irashobora kwirindwa. Ni inshingano za buri wese gufata ingamba zo kwirinda, kwipimisha, no kwita ku bandi. Ubutumwa bw’ingenzi ni uko VIH idapimwa n’amaso, kandi kwipimisha ni intambwe ya mbere yo kwirinda no kwirinda abandi.

📢 Twifatanye mu guhashya SIDA!